Paper or Plastic?

Just recently, I made a bet.  A large, money bet.  I never bet, but I was very, very sure.  I made the bet with my dear friend Matt Stevens, the simultaneous interpreter from Japanese to English (who, by the way, helped to translate much of the difficult work of Masanori Oe in Chapter Eleven, and translate it brilliantly.)  The bet was for a thousand dollars.  (!)

It started this way.  Matt said to me, offhand, “Soon you’ll be reading all your books on a Kindle.” 

I said, “Oh, no.  Definitely I will not.”

Matt disagreed fervently, so I offered him a bet, and I made it big, to indicate I was serious.  And instead of five years, I gave him ten years.  I know I cannot lose this bet.  I will not be reading all of my books on a Kindle.

Nepali Papermaking Process
Woodblock by Akira Ito

Before we go on, let me ask you question: Do you feel like you A. Spend too little time looking at a screen?  B. Spend just the right amount of time looking at a screen?  C. Spend too much time looking at a screen?

Me, I’m in category C.  I bet most people reading this blog (Yes!  A blog on a screen!) would answer C. 

I could ask the same thing about paper or plastic.  Do you more enjoy holding paper in your hands or more enjoy holding plastic in your hands?

Aside from the feel of paper in our hands, (that alone should be enough) aside from the longevity of a volume on a shelf, aside from how many electronics we already have, if we really believe that this current system of energy use is "unsustainable", by a strict dictionary definition, and thus cannot and will not continue, do we really feel like "publishing" for an iPad or Kindle is something that will "live on"?  Do we feel it is more environmental?  Something that requires electricity to read?!  I mean, that’s absurd.  Haven’t we had enough nuclear disasters?  Coal disperses mercury.  Oil and gas require wars and drilling.

Handbound book on
Handmade paper from Nepal

Let me say it: Paper feels good.  Unless it burns or rots, it sticks around.  It does not need a power source, a server, or a credit card. You can make notes in the margin of your book.  You can turn down the corner of a page. You can make your own beautiful hand-bound book.  You can take a paperback to the beach.  You can go into any library and pick up a book printed *one hundred years ago* and just open it up and read it.  Sure you can look that book up on the internet and see and read those same words, if you can find it, but it’s not the book itself that was printed a hundred years ago.  Try these out in your mouth: “The rare book room.”  “The rare digital text downloaded from a server.”

What about the trees, though?  First of all, I’d say that if anything deserves the resources of this green earth to be used on it, it’s good writing, poetry, and splendid fiction.  That is after food and shelter, of course. (Although I know a man who lives outside, under a bridge.  But he is never without a book.  Last time I saw him he was reading Pliny the Elder.)  


Secondly, people are recycling paper.  Thirdly, trees grow and replenish.  Fourthly, I just got ten pads of paper today made from sugar cane.  If we really want to take the destruction of trees for paper seriously, let’s declare a WAR then on junk mail, let’s make our own published writing as beautiful and important as we possibly can, and let’s not give a red cent to publishers who print dumb books.

Then what about the convenience of downloading books?  The line usually goes: “All I have to do is want the book, and in seconds it’s in my hands!” 

All I can say to this is, “Do we really need even more instant gratification in this world?”  Has it made people any happier?

Ok, if you just want to check the weather, or find out what’s happening in the world political scene briefly, and you don’t want to buy a whole newspaper full of ads that you will just chuck in the recycling bin, then OK, check it online if you are one of the privileged people on the planet who have a computer and internet access.  But a fine literary magazine?  A book?  


It's true that some people read books like people eat potato chips, perhaps an electronic version is better in some sense. Or if you are just extracting information out of them, then perhaps you’ll want a Kindle, I really can’t say.  But I can’t imagine losing books, books on paper. One of the great joys of meeting a new friend is to go into their apartment and look at the books they have on their shelves.  What are they interested in?  Who is this person?

Here’s an excerpt from A Different Kind of Luxury.  It’s about a beautiful hand-made book, made on hand made paper from Nepal, by Akira Ito (please read more about this wonderful man in Chapter 6).

But of all the quite different works at the exhibition, the most moving for me was the smallest: a hand-sewn volume that fit into a box about the size of two packs of cards. The book, a loving documentation of traditional Nepali papermaking processes, displays Ito’s affection for the ways of life of traditional rural peoples.

See detail, below

“I made this,” he told me, “as a way to try to support their way of life at the time that industrially produced paper was coming into Nepal from factories in other parts of the world.

Akira Ito

The paper itself is baby soft, and so pleasing to the touch that I felt myself relaxing just holding it in my hands. In the gentle images on each page, I find women walking mountain pathways with straw baskets on their backs, while the trees, the river, the yaks, the clouds, and even the rocks of the mountain themselves vibrate with Ito’s energetic line. Nepali men in woolen caps harvest branches from saplings which, on another page, are soaked in a rushing river and then beaten against rocks. Like the meshed fibers of the supple paper, the people seem completely woven into the energy of the landscape.

In this book I can feel what Ito cherishes. The entire process of boiling and pounding the fibers, sieving the pulp in screens under a thatched roof, drying the individual sheets in the sun or by the fire, are rendered in such an intimate and inviting style.

Ito manages to have the book “say” (without saying) that in these mountain villages of Nepal, the daily life of the people, their artisanal craftwork, the specific local culture and the entire life-world are enmeshed into one single fabric.

As Ito says, “The good things of the past, that’s what we must preserve. They have passed through the hardships of history to become a tradition, and we who are alive today must treasure them, and take care of them for the future.”

Akira Ito with author Andy Couturier, showing
this book.

In a rare moment, Ito expresses some of his frustration with what's happening with this earth. “For the sake of money, and for the sake of ‘economic  activity,’ people try to change things, products, works of art—everything—as quickly as possible. To win at competition, everyone tries to make new things as quickly as possible. The acceleration of transportation, mass movement of merchandise, the forced cultivation of vegetables in all seasons, excessive lighting and air conditioning, and limitless information: the change is much too violent and intense. The human body and spirit cannot withstand this kind of acceleration. This is what I hate the most. For the sake of this changing, the world is being ruined. I don’t want to get involved in it. It’s better to be poor.” 

Akira Ito, craftsman

Here’s another excerpt from A Different Kind of Luxury.  It’s also about hand-made books but this time sewing together other people’s writings, by Mr. Osamu Nakamura (please read more about this wonderful man in Chapter 2). 

Nakamura shows me a number of books that he has bound by hand, and explains the Japanese method of sewing together the cloth-and-paper covers. I look at each of them and shake my head imagining how much time and care went into making them. Given how much labor they take, I realize that it is only possible to make a few copies of each, and that only a few people will ever see them. It seems a lot of effort for very little reward. But then I think that in contrast to a book published by machines in a factory, the simple potency and beauty of a hand-sewn book gives the reader pleasure of an entirely different order.

Osamu Nakamura with a handmade book on handmade paper

One of the books Nakamura has bound comprises a few photocopied pages on how to weave sandals from rice straw. Spending time with Nakamura, I see that the process of making something like straw sandals or a handmade book cultivates humility while connecting us with something fundamental about our humanity: the interaction between the remarkable capacity of our own human hands and the ingenuity of our minds.

Now, picking up the book on how to make sandals from straw, its pages only photocopies, I understand that through his binding them in a cover of black and red Nepali cloth, they have become something of beauty where something functional would easily have done.

As Nakamura says, “Making things with one’s own hands cultivates a generosity and openness of heart.”

School tells teacher not to warn school children in Fukushima

This is from an article in the Japan Times [excerpts]

Fukushima teacher muzzled over radiation

By TAKAHIKO HYUGA

Bloomberg

As temperatures soared above 100 degrees on a recent July morning, schoolchildren in Fukushima Prefecture were taking off their masks and running around playgrounds in T-shirts, exposing themselves to a similar amount of annual radiation as a nuclear power plant worker.

Toshinori Shishido, a Japanese literature teacher of 25 years, warned his students two months ago to wear surgical masks and keep their skin covered with long-sleeved shirts. His advice went unheeded, not because of the weather but because his school told him not to alarm students. Shishido quit last week.

"I want to get away from this situation where I'm not even allowed to alert children about radiation exposure," said Shishido, 48, who taught at Fukushima Nishi High School. "Now I'm free to talk about the risks."

After the March 11 earthquake and tsunami devastated the Tohoku region, the central government evacuated as many as 470,000 residents, including 160,000 because of radiation risks from the wrecked Fukushima No. 1 power plant. More than 2 million people, including 271,000 children, remain in Fukushima, the third-biggest prefecture by size.

The government is closely monitoring radiation levels, said Yoshiaki Ishida, an official in the education ministry.

"We don't think we are at a stage to tell Fukushima people to evacuate at the moment," Ishida said.

Kiyoharu Furukawa, 57, assistant principal at Fukushima Nishi High, said the school told Shishido not to spend too much time talking about radiation during his classes because some students and parents had complained. He confirmed Shishido resigned.

Radiation can damage human cells and DNA, with prolonged exposure causing leukemia and other forms of cancer, according to the World Nuclear Association. Children are more susceptible as their cells grow at a faster rate.

"It's all invisible. The trees are still trees, people are shopping, the birds are singing and dogs are walking in the street," said Chris Busby, a visiting professor at the University of Ulster's school of biomedical sciences, who visited Fukushima recently to provide information on health risks. "When you bring out the (Geiger) machines, you can see everything is sparkling and everyone is being bitten by invisible snakes that will eventually kill them."

Shishido will leave Fukushima for Sapporo on Aug. 8 to join his wife and two children, aged 13 and 10, he said. The teacher aims to create a network there to help the 3,000 evacuees from Fukushima find jobs.

Shishido said he was instructed by school officials not to tell his students that they should wear masks or about how radiation would affect their health. He deleted some comments from his blog after receiving those orders in May.

"I saw little boys playing baseball in a cloud of dust, and I wondered who can protect their future," said Kanako Nishikata, a 33-year-old housewife with a son, aged 11, and daughter, aged 8. "It's shocking to learn a teacher is quitting because he can't protect the students."

A group of parents and children from Fukushima plan to visit education minister Yoshiaki Takaki on Aug. 17 to ask him to evacuate children from the prefecture, she said.

Fukushima Nishi High, which has 873 students, had readings of 0.07 microsieverts per hour in the school building and 1.5 microsieverts per hour in the playground on July 14, still within the safety limits set by the prefecture and central government, said Furukawa, the assistant principal.

The school continues to hold gym classes and sports club activities outside, he said.

"I don't think the children are safe either, and I know the radiation level is still high," Furukawa said. "These days, they are wearing short sleeves and no masks."

More than three-quarters of the schools receive radiation readings of 0.6 microsievert per hour, said the network, a group comprising 700 parents. That's 10 times more than the readings in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, on average.

Miyuki Sato, a 36-year-old housewife who evacuated to Kyoto last week with her two children, attended a town hall meeting with government officials in Fukushima on July 19. She said that even after leaving her home, she still has a ¥120,000 monthly mortgage to pay off.

"You may say we should keep children at home if we think it's dangerous, but kids need to play outside if they want to pick flowers or collect beetles," said the mother of a 9-year-old son and 1-year-old daughter.

"Please get all the children out of Fukushima. Please offer financial aid for us."